On October 18, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Department of Justice (DOJ) announced that they had filed for permanent injunctions against six small vape manufacturers in the United States.

Those companies include E-Cig Crib in Minnesota, Soul Vapor in West Virginia, Vapor Craft in Georgia,  Super Vape’z in Washington, Lucky’s Vape & Smoke Shop in Kansas and Butt Out in Arizona. None of them, according to the FDA, submitted premarket tobacco product applications (PMTAs)—an expensive and labor-intensive process that required vape producers to show their products would be more likely to help adults switch from cigarettes to safer alternatives than introduce a new generation to nicotine.