What are the long term risks of vaping?

We don’t know in absolute terms, we might never know it with full precision, as the complexity of human biology makes it a daunting problem given the diversity of individual responses and potentially affected biological systems. However, we can make very robust estimates and inferences from the existing short and mid-term knowledge,  which is substantial: hundreds of well-designed experiments on emissions testing, biomarkers, pre-clinical and even clinical studies clearly indicate in about 10 years of rigorous observation that risks (understood as potential for harm) of vaping are dramatically reduced in comparison with smoking. [...]