Does vaping cause cardiovascular disease?

Vaping may pose a small risk of cardiovascular harm, but evidence is inconclusive. Switching from smoking to vaping reduces cardiovascular disease risk. Long-term studies are needed to clarify risks. Cross-sectional studies show mixed results; dual use of vaping and smoking increases risk. Nicotine has cardiovascular effects but is safer than smoking. Exclusive vaping reduces cardiovascular disease risk. More research is needed, but it's advised not to vape unless a smoker. Dual use increases risk. Harmful chemicals in vaping may impact cardiovascular health, but to a lesser extent than smoking. Overall, switching from smoking to vaping improves heart health.