US adults' complete switching away from cigarettes by menthol- and tobacco-flavored ENDS and by menthol cigarette preference: testing robustness to missing data
January 27, 2026 by nih.gov
US adults' complete switching away from cigarettes by menthol- and tobacco-flavored ENDS and by menthol cigarette preference: testing robustness to missing data
Use of menthol-flavored (vs. tobacco-flavored) electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) may be associated with higher rates of complete switching among adults who smoke (AWS). This paper evaluates the association over 2 years, while considering robustness across different missing-data approaches. 22,905 US AWS and purchased JUUL ENDS were enrolled in a longitudinal cohort study and completed up to 10 follow-ups. To assess potential bias due to missingness, analyses: (a) compared participant characteristics by levels of missingness and (b) assessed whether tobacco or menthol JUUL was associated with missingness.
