Since 2015, Public Health England and no fewer than twelve other British medical bodies have backed the use of e-cigarettes as a quitting tool, concluding that they are up to 95 per cent less harmful than cigarettes. That opened a floodgate in the UK. The Faculty of Public Health, the British Medical Association, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, and even Cancer Research UK have since endorsed vaping as a safer alternative to smoking and supported its efficacy as a quitting aid. In the United States, the American Medical Association has called for e-cigarettes to be available under the same regulations as tobacco-based products.