The health risks associated with e-cigarettes and vape pens have been widely reported, particularly the outbreak of lung diseases linked to vaping, which peaked in September 2019. Further, a study by the Stanford University School of Medicine published in August 2020 indicated a link between vaping and increased risk of COVID-19, finding, among other things, that young people who had used e-cigarettes in the previous 30 days were almost five times as likely to experience symptoms of COVID-19.